The inventor of the telegraph and Morse Code, Samuel Morse was born on this day in 1791. Morse Code is a system representing letters, numbers and punctuation marks by means of a code signal. It was the first electronic communication and International Morse Code, which uses only dots and dashes, is still used today. You can learn more about Morse Code and type text in to be translated to Morse Code for you to listen to by visitingwww.scphillips.com/morse.

On this day in 1792 the first postal service was created in the United States. Preschool and young elementary age children will love to create their own post office at home. Buy some valentines on clearance or use what is around the house. You need envelopes (you can use new ones or save the return envelopes from junk mail), a rubber stamp and inkpad, stickers and some paper. Children can write a note or draw a picture to put in the envelope. They can use the stickers as stamps and the rubber stamp to make the “postmark.” They can deliver the mail to bedrooms or you can create mailboxes by stacking a few empty shoeboxes on their sides. There can also be a box to mail letters – use a larger shoebox or a small cardboard box with the top closed and cut a slot to put the letters through.

This is the perfect week to take out a map or a globe and show the children where they live and where your home country is.

Check out the Kids Culture Corner pages

Here are instructions (from www.pbskids.org/zoom) for a drum experiment for school age children. Remind them that drums can be played softly too!

• First get a container that you think will make a good drum, like a metal bowl or an oatmeal container. Sylvia says that larger containers make better sounds.
• Put double-sided tape all the way around the container 2 inches from the top.
• Cut 2 pieces of shrink-wrap big enough to cover the tape on the container. Then, push it onto the tape.
• Tape the edges of the shrink-wrap with masking tape so it’s really secure.
• Now blow-dry the shrink-wrap with a blow dryer set on hot. This shrinks the plastic and makes a very tight drum.
• Be sure you don’t put the end of the blow dryer too close to the plastic, or it will melt.
• Once it’s really tight, bang your drum.

Now it’s time to experiment. Try to change the sound your drum makes. Can you make a drum with a really deep sound? Test it out with different containers.

Younger children might like to use a coffee can or oatmeal box as a drum and bang on it along with some lively music.

A Summer Craft Recipe: Watermelon Magnets!

Use these on the refrigerator or give them as gifts. Suitable for ages three and older.

• In a bowl mix 1/2 cup flour and 1/4 cup salt. Add 1/2 Tablespoon of olive oil, 1/8 cup warm water and 1/4 teaspoon red food coloring. Blend well and knead 20 times. If the dough is too sticky, add a bit more flour.
• In another bowl mix 1/3 cup flour and 2 1/2 tablespoons salt. Add 1 teaspoon olive oil, 3 teaspoons warm water and a few drops of green food coloring. Blend well and knead 20 times, adding more flour if necessary.
• Mold the red dough into flat circles and roll the green dough into a long snake shape and wrap it around the edges of the red circles. Press the two colors together so that they stick to each other.
• Cut each circle in half and press 5 or 6 real watermelon seeds into the red part of the dough.
• Bake the finished watermelon slices at 200 degrees for 2 hours. Turn them over and bake for 1-2 hours more until completely dry.
• Glue a small magnet to the back of each.

Before embarking on a Harry Potter birthday party, start the magic by asking guests to come dressed as a character from the books. Some essential characters include: Hermione Granger, Ron Weasley (and the rest of his family), Neville Longbottom, Draco Malfoy, and of course, Harry Potter. Have older family members dress as professors from Hogwarts, such as Dumbledore, McGonagall, Snape, or even Hagrid. To start off the Harry Potter birthday party, have guests choose scenes to act out from one of the books for a fun activity that will put everyone in an enchanted state.

Harry Potter Birthday Party Tips:

• Decorations
  Set the scene with candles, broomsticks, toy snakes, fake owls, and bats. For a magical touch, paint ping-pong balls gold, representing the Golden Snitch from the game of Quidditch. Hang them around the room with clear thread or fishing line. Display banners shaped like pennants with the house names printed on them. The house names and colors are: Hufflepuff (yellow and black), Ravenclaw (blue and bronze), Slytherin (green and silver), and Gryffindor (scarlet and gold).
• Food and Drink
  Set up an area as the Leaky Cauldron. For Butterbeer, make root beer and ginger ale floats, pouring the soda over a scoop of ice cream in a clear cup or mug. Label food with magical names — cupcakes become “cauldron cakes” and malt balls are “chocolate frogs.” And naturally, you’ll need some jellybeans to stand in for Bertie Bott’s Every Flavour Beans. You can also put some jellybeans in a separate jar and have guests guess how many are inside.
• Make Your Own Wand
  Have a crafts table stocked with straws and chopsticks for children to decorate and conjure up some fun. Creatively label yarn, feathers, and sequins with names like “Unicorn Hair,” “Phoenix Feathers,” and “Dragon Scales.” You’ll also need safety scissors, cardboard stars, colored markers, and glue.You can also have Harry Potter birthday party guests make their own wizard hats by making cones out of cardboard and decorating them with the same materials as the wands.
• Magical Treasure Hunt
  Before guests arrive to the Harry Potter birthday party, hide golden eggs, a Sorcerer’s stone, plastic rings, Wizard’s gold, and other surprises around your house and/or yard. To make it challenging, hide riddles in easy-to-see places that give clues to where certain items are hidden. You or another family member can also act as a “gate keeper” for one-of-a-kind items like the Sorcerer’s Stone or a Goblet of Fire, requiring those who seek the prize to answer a riddle, give a certain amount of Wizard’s gold, or answer a trivia question. If you choose to challenge with Harry Potter trivia, make sure to have the books handy so kids can search for answers at the Harry Potter birthday party.